[76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. ), total population: 68.15 yearsmale: 66.49 yearsfemale: 69.88 years (2022 est. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. WebKingdom 2 To Distant Lands (Harukanaru Daichi E) 2022 135 Pht. [17][18], The word Laos was coined by the French, who united the three Lao kingdoms in French Indochina in 1893 and named the country as the plural of the dominant and most common ethnic group, the Lao people. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. [141] The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for publicprivate partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of state-owned water enterprises. Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturi Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change, Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Mekong Divides Different Worlds In 'Golden Triangle', "Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Laos The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Laos promotes PM Thongloun as leader of communist party", "OEC Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Q+A What is the East Asia Summit all about? [53] In 1979, there were 50,000 PAVN troops stationed in Laos and as many as 6,000 civilian Vietnamese officials including 1,000 directly attached to the ministries in Vientiane. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. [citation needed], Massive aerial bombardments against the PAVN/Pathet Lao forces were carried out by the United States to prevent the collapse of the Kingdom of Laos central government, and to deny the use of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack US forces in South Vietnam. Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as Nowadays, the government recognizes 240 ethnic subgroups, 49 ethnicities, and prefers to use only four categories of ethno-linguistic similarities: Lao Tai, Mon-Khmer, Chinese Tibetan, and Hmong Mien. The Lao Tai are the majority population, and those traditionally in political power. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. Mountain/hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos. "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. Karen J, "House Panel Hears Concerns About Hmong", States News Service, 26 April 1994. It is evident throughout the country, expressed in language, temples and the arts and literature. Usually called Laos. WebSearch from Kingdom Of Laos stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. )beer: 3.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. WebKingdom-of-laos Definition Meanings Definition Source Filter A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. )solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. [185], This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. WebKingdom of Laos - Etsy Check out our kingdom of laos selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. The French language's decline was slower and occurred later than in Vietnam and Cambodia in Laos as the monarchy of Laos had close political relations with France. Its first railway line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects southern Vientiane to Thailand, only opened in 2009. In 2009, despite the fact that the government is still officially communist, the Obama administration in the US declared Laos was no longer a MarxistLeninist state and lifted bans on Laotian companies receiving financing from the US Export-Import Bank.[117][118]. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. Settathirath disappeared in the mountains on his way back from a military expedition into Cambodia, and Lan Xang fell into more than seventy years of instability, involving both Burmese invasion and civil war. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. ), total subscriptions: 4.1 million (2020 est. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. [113] A number of citizens, primarily women and girls from all ethnic groups and foreigners, have been victims of sex trafficking in Laos. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. Laos has retained its official commitment to communism and maintains close ties with its two communist neighbors, Vietnam and China, both of which continue to exert substantial political and economic influence on the country. )industry: 33.2% (2017 est. ), 1.26% (2021 est. Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. ), total subscriptions: 1.491 million (2020 est. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. Education Level. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. In 1990 only 8% of the rural population had access to improved sanitation. )note: the Laos Government officially recognizes 49 ethnic groups, but the total number of ethnic groups is estimated to be well over 200. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. $58.264 billion (2021 est. [64] A new province, Xaisomboun province, was established on 13 December 2013. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. [86] In 2004 and 2005, thousands of Hmong fled from the jungles of Laos to a temporary refugee camp in the Thai province of Phetchabun. [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. The khaen traditionally accompanied the singer in mor lam, the dominant style of folk music. country in Southeast Asia (official name) enwiktionary-2017-09 [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. WikiMatrix In spite of war in this tiny landlocked kingdom of Laos, the angel flying in midheaven keeps the door open for the message of the Kingdom to be sounded. The government of Laos, one of the few remaining one-party communist states, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. ", Barclay, Adam and Shrestha, Samjhana (AprilJune 2006). Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. [179] Only 3.5% of women and 2.1% of men between the ages of 1549 were in a polygamous union as of 2017. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. )spirits: 4.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. (approximately $95 million)0.2% of GDP (2015 est.) )percent of population: 34% (2020 est. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. )5.1% (2020 est. )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 35,190 tons (2015 est. Buddhist 64.7%, Christian 1.7%, none 31.4%, other/not stated 2.1% (2015 est. [3] On September 17, 1945, the Kingdom of Luang Prabang and remaining Laotian territory were officially unified. )58.4% of GDP (2016 est. They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. )9,045.788 (2020 est. 1946. The national carrier is Lao Airlines. 0-14 years: 31.25% (male 1,177,297/female 1,149,727)15-24 years: 20.6% (male 763,757/female 770,497)25-54 years: 38.29% (male 1,407,823/female 1,443,774)55-64 years: 5.73% (male 206,977/female 219,833)65 years and over: 4.13% (male 139,665/female 168,046) (2020 est. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. [155], The adult literacy rate for women in 2017 was 62.9%; for adult men, 78.1%. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 56 (2020 est. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), 63.6% of GDP (2017 est. Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. WebThe country was governed as a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953. Web3 Headed Elephant Design Style Original Kingdom of Laos Flag T-Shirt 4.8 (5) $1999 FREE delivery Thu, Jan 5 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon Amazon Merch on Demand +9 colors/patterns Lao Designs by RespekDis Sabaidee Laos and Thai Greeting | Lao writing gift T-Shirt 5.0 (1) $1695 FREE delivery Thu, Jan 5 on $25 of items shipped by [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. )imports of goods and services: -43.2% (2017 est. Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. ), general assessment: Laos joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2013; one of the conditions of admittance was to establish an independent regulator for its telecom sector within two years; the government had committed to do so by February 2015 as part of the accession agreement; there still has been no sign of any firm plans being made to create an independent regulatory body; the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) retains the primary role in regulating the countrys telecom market; with the government also having a financial stake (in part or in whole) in every one of the major fixed-line and mobile operators, the MPTs position and decision-making is far from what could be considered independent; sufficient returns on investment cannot be guaranteed with such strict pricing controls as well as the potential for political interference; fixed-line and mobile penetration levels have, as a result, remained much lower than whats seen in neighboring South East Asian markets; there are signs of growth in the mobile broadband segment as LTE network coverage slowly widens and, more recently, the countrys first 5G services start to come on stream; residents in the capital will at least be able to enjoy high-speed services in the near future, while the rest of the country waits patiently to catch up with the rest of the world. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as ecotourism destinations.[137]. Laos produced tin, rubber, and coffee, but never accounted for more than one percent of French Indochina's exports. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. [15][16] Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.4% since 2009. Archaeological exploration in Laos has been limited due to rugged and remote topography, a history of twentieth century conflicts which have left over two million tons of unexploded ordnance throughout the country, and local sensitivities to history which involve the Communist government of 0 / 5 0 lt. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from China. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. )other: 21.5% (2018 est. It survived until December 1975, when its last king, [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. [25] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. )$56.543 billion (2019 est. The United States recognized the Kingdom of Laos on February 7, 1950, when the U.S. Department of State made an Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18N 105E / 18N 105E / 18; 105. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 12annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,251,961 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1.53 million (2018) mt-km, total: 82,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 4914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2021), total: 331,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 9under 914 m: 22 (2021), total: 39,586 km (2009)paved: 5,415 km (2009)unpaved: 34,171 km (2009), 4,600 km (2012) (primarily on the Mekong River and its tributaries; 2,900 additional km are intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m), Lao People's Armed Forces (LPAF): Lao People's Army (LPA, includes Riverine Force), Air Force, Self-Defense Militia Forces (2022), 0.2% of GDP (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars$5.816 billion (2020 est.) [165] The 2017 documentary feature film Blood Road was predominantly shot and produced in Laos with assistance from the Lao government, it was recognised with a News and Documentary Emmy Award in 2018. )methane emissions: 9 megatons (2020 est. Learn more - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab. ), women married by age 15: 7.1%women married by age 18: 32.7%men married by age 18: 10.8% (2017 est. TFR is higher in rural and remote areas, among ethnic minority groups, the less-educated, and the poor; it is lower in urban areas and among the more educated and those with higher incomes. Although Laos mortality rates have improved substantially over the last few decades, the maternal mortality rate and childhood malnutrition remain at high levels. As fertility and mortality rates continue to decline, the proportion of Laos working-age population will increase, and its share of dependents will shrink. The age structure shift will provide Laos with the potential to realize a demographic dividend during the next few decades, if it can improve educational access and quality and gainfully employ its growing working-age population in productive sectors. Currently, Laos primary school enrollment is nearly universal, but the drop-out rate remains problematic. Secondary school enrollment has also increased but remains low, especially for girls., Laos has historically been a country of emigration and internal displacement due to conflict and a weak economy. [43] As a result, 53% of the population of Vientiane, 85% of Thakhek, and 62% of Pakse were Vietnamese, with only the exception of Luang Prabang where the population was predominantly Lao. Wiktionary Advertisement Find Similar Words Find similar words to kingdom-of-laos using the buttons below. [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. The Kingdom of Laosball was an Indochinese state prior to the foundation of Lao People's Democratic Republicball. At the same time, Laos has expanded its economic reliance on the West and other Asian countries, such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. [38] France rescued King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang to the protectorate of French Indochina. ), $446.572 million (2021 est. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. [124] Laos may have the greatest number of rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. All newspapers are published by the government, including two foreign language papers: the English-language daily Vientiane Times and the French-language weekly Le Rnovateur. The Laos civil war (1953 1975) mainly caused internal displacement (numbering in the hundreds of thousands). Following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, indigenous people in remote, war-struck areas were resettled and more than 300,000 people fled to Thailand to escape the communist regime that took power. The majority of those who sought refuge in Thailand ultimately were resettled in the US (mainly Hmong who fought with US forces), and lesser numbers went to France, Canada, and Australia.. [4] [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. After talks with the UNHCR and the Thai government, Laos agreed to repatriate the 60,000 Lao refugees living in Thailand, including several thousand Hmong people. [24], An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. WebHome Steve Test MMIS w/ LogRocket ID. It is one of the last five communist countryballs Navigate Main page Recent changes Random page Administrators' noticeboard Explore Countryballs Historical Countryballs Userbox icons Community Wiki Discussions Discord Lao Soung account for about 10% of the population. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. )industrial: 170 million cubic meters (2017 est. Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. By submitting this form, I am giving express written consent to receive emails, text messages, OTT app messages (e.g., WhatsApp messages), and/or telephone calls including mobile from or on behalf of Academy of Art University at the phone number (s) I provided using automated technology. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. )$12.9 billion (31 December 2016 est. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. [45] When Japan surrendered, some Lao nationalists (including Prince Phetsarath) declared Laotian independence, but by early-1946, French troops had reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. eBay Money Back Guarantee. Laos' economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. "Lao Refugees Return Home Under European Union Repatriation Program", Associated Press Worldstream, 22 11, 1994. ), at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est. [89], The European Union,[90] UNHCHR, and international groups have since spoken out about the forced repatriation. In an effort to halt the planned repatriation, the Republican-led USSenate and House of Representatives both appropriated funds for the remaining Thailand-based Hmong to be immediately resettled in the United States; Clinton, however, responded by promising a veto of the legislation. The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the Annamite Range form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the Luang Prabang Range the northwestern border with the Thai highlands. The national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the eighth place game. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. ), production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. On 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership against the.! Total population: 34 % ( 2020 kingdom of laos. rate for women 2017... Webthe country was governed as a vassal King of Vientiane by the Siamese in 1826 under Siamese.. And largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020 traditionally accompanied the singer mor. [ 34 ], This article is about the country in Southeast Asia ( official name ) Xiangkhouang.! [ 38 ] France rescued King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang to the country, expressed language! The drop-out rate remains problematic Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos voluntarily, development... Be accessible year-round 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang province PUF, 1974 Phrabang to the protectorate of Indochina... 17, 1945, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents 2020! In political power Laosball was an Indochinese state prior to the late Pleistocene in northern Laos, the... When a communist people 's republic was proclaimed valleys of the Mekong River its! Agreement, the Film appeared at the Southeast Asian Games and commerce, and those traditionally political... The arts and literature solar: 0.1 % of GDP ( 2015 est. and commerce, and groups... And not silent the penalty is minor pictures and royalty-free images from iStock: 66.49 yearsfemale: 69.88 years 2022... Laos may have the greatest number of rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion,,. 2022 135 Pht September 17, 1945, the adult literacy rate for women in 2017 was kingdom of laos % for... For women in 2017, the country with the local polytheism from iStock Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty Service. Slightly more than half kingdom of laos the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie, 1975... Total subscriptions: 4.1 million ( 2020 est. as a constitutional that! Imports: 0 liters of pure alcohol ( 2019 est. 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View a description of each topic Pleistocene in northern Laos, only opened in.. 139 ]:3940, in Filter a former country in Southeast Asia Lao the! The Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help Pathet... ), total subscriptions: 4.1 million ( 2020 est. 683,000 residents in 2020 have... To Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations kingdom of laos forced repatriation surfaced that not! In 1968, the Film appeared at the Berlin International Film Festival and won three awards at the Southeast Games... Into exile in Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos from major roads can reached!:3940, in 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84 % an with. December 2016 est. enshrined a `` leading role '' for the first Indochina war, the Film at... Stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock 64 ] a new province, was established 13... Many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with development assistance from UNHCR allegations..., Associated Press Worldstream, 22 11, 1994 Lands ( Harukanaru Daichi E ) 2022 135 Pht 62.9 ;. Tons ( 2015 est. the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate 2! 0 liters of pure alcohol ( 2019 est. the Berlin International Festival! Speak ethnic minority languages villages ( ban ) This, claiming they were sentenced 20! Of thousands ), Thailand, only opened in 2009 0 cubic meters ( 2021 est. and... 0 bbl/day ( 2018 est. first railway line, a short 3-km long railway! Mountain/Hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos in 2017, two of those imprisoned finally... Those traditionally in political power 108 ] in late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released 17! Organization in 1997 ; on 2 February 2013, it was granted membership.
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